Look through comments and fix all problems with paper submitted Essay

Look through comments and fix all problems with paper submitted - Essay Example Though there were similar thoughts and reactions to certain aspects of what they witnessed, the exact reasons why Dickens and Tocqueville both were disillusioned with America and became so critical of its society differ in ways which were favorable to each writer's nationality and particular social upbringing. Dickens traveled to America already well versed in the available travel literature that had been produced both to help reforms at home as well as in America as each social structure was examined and compared. Prior to his departure, Dickens had high expectations for the new country as a source of information regarding how best to fix the social ills in England at that time. Prior to his first visit to America, Dickens was active in the suffrage movement as well as the anti-slavery movement, but that he had changed his mind, at least somewhat, by the time he returned home (Dickens, Charles. American notes. 1842). In many ways, this change of heart has been linked to the type of treatment Dickens experienced while visiting and touring the prescribed route between historical or picturesque vistas and places of social reform such as schools and jails. Dickens' unhappiness in America arose, in part, from the enthusiastic reception he received from America's public. This is a case of too much of a good thing creating something unspeakably bad. During his tour, he wrote to Thomas Mitton, "I am so exhausted with the life I am obliged to lead here If I go out in a carriage, the crowd surround it and escort me home. If I go to the Theatre, the whole house (crowded to the roof) rises as one man, and the timbers ring again. You cannot imagine what it is" (Grass, 2000). No matter where he went, Dickens was to experience the invasiveness of constant surveillance, while he slept and no matter what he did, as well as constant requests for the most personal items - locks of hair, pieces of clothing, knick knacks left behind, etc. That he recognized the damaging psychological ramifications of this type of constant surveillance can be found in his writings regarding his tours of the American prisons. Although they do not focus on this effect on the psyche of the prisoner, Dickens unmistakably writes from an informed position regarding some of what these men must endure during their years under the watchful eye of the guards (Claybaugh, 2006). The torment of the situation was not lost on him as he found it agreeable to recommend constant surveillance through such structures as the Panopticon model for Britain's new prisons. Meanwhile he criticized the relatively light treatment of prisoners who were permitted to perform useful work during their daytime hours. An examination of his writings regarding the prisons are helpful in discerning Dickens' psychological experience of America's practices. One of his strongest criticisms regarding the American prisons had little to do with the psychological effects of constant surveillance and instead focused on the effects of constant isolation from the company of others and the dehumanizing effect this had on them. This dehumanized individual undergoes his change from prisoner at admitting to cowed subhuman after the course of several years precisely because his horrors to go to prison have haunted him through the years. Despite the changes this necessarily brings about in the

Fibonacci, Mathematician of the Middle Ages Essay

Fibonacci, Mathematician of the Middle Ages - Essay Example Camposanto was mostly got ruined in 1944 and had to be expansively repaired. After a few years, revelation to the waterside climate started to take its charge on the sculpture and finally it was taken away, reinstated, cleaned and then returned to its old position next to Pisa's other memorable people, a place where it fits in. Leonardo was an Italian mathematician who was the initial brilliant Western mathematician right after the turn down of the Greek science. (Britannica Online Encyclopedia, 2008). Leonardo was born in 1170, Pisa, Italy. His father namely Guglielmo, was also call by the name Bonaccio. Leonardo's mother, Alessandra, passed away when he was nine years old. He was one of the leading and talented mathematicians of his time. At his time, performing even the easiest arithmetical problems with a non positional detail was a hard endeavor. For solving a particular problem, the merchants were strained to resort to the abacus. Fibonacci showed the new alternate computing technique which was based on printed algorithms somewhat better than on counting bits and pieces. Fibonacci traveled extensively in Barbary together with his father and was shortly derived on to the business tours to Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily and Provencal. He appears to have educated a good deal of his arithmetic in Barbary. All through the Mediterranean globe to learned Hindu and Arabic math under the most important Arab mathematicians of that era. He identified that arithmetic with Hindu figures is uncomplicated and more proficient than with Roman figures. However, Leonardo came back from his journey in 1200. Leonardo became a harmonious guest of the Emperor Frederick II who has the benefit of understanding arithmetic and science. Though, in 1240, the Republic of Pisa privileged Leonardo by giving him the name as Leonardo Bigollo and giving him his first pay. (Grimm, R. E., 1973). He wrote numerous important books which played a significant part in revitalizing prehistoric mathematical proficiency and he made noteworthy contributions of his own by himself. At the age of 32, in 1202, Leonardo wrote his first book namely Liber Abaci, which means "the book of abacus or book of calculation." After his first book got published, he wrote various books, therefore, Practica Geometriae in 1220, Flos and Liber Quadratorum published in 1225. Though, he wrote some other books as well, which regrettably, are lost. However, his work in number theory was totally ignored and almost unidentified all through in the Middle Ages. (Charles Burnett. January 14, 2005). Liber Abaci - 1202 Liber Abaci is also pronounced as Liber Abbaci. Its label has two familiar conversions, The Book of the Abacus or The Book of Calculation. In this book, Fibonacci brought in to Europe the Arabic figures, a most important part of our decimal structure, which he had studied by learning with Arabs at the same time when he was living in North Africa with his father. In interpretation of Liber Abaci, it is useful to be aware of Fibonacci's information for rational figures, a data that is intermediary in figure amid the Egyptian fractions, which was normally applied until