The Adoption Of The United States - 1310 Words

Before the 1970’s adoption between race was not popular. Then suddenly there was a shortage of Caucasian babies and parents trying to adopt had to look elsewhere. Many factors took place for the shortage to happen including the legalization of abortion in 1973, the increased use of contraceptives, and the changing social attitudes that led more unmarried white women to keep their children rather than give them up for adoption (â€Å"Adoption†). In 1994 Congress passed the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA), prohibiting any federally assisted adoption agency from denying an adoption based on the race of the child or of the adoptive parents. In 1996 this act was amended by the Interethnic Adoption Provisions (IEP), which allows agencies to†¦show more content†¦Same-sex adoptions are when a gay or lesbian couple decides since they are unable to conceive that they would like the same opportunities as everyone else and adopt a child. There are many people who do not s upport this. The reason for their unsupportiveness is that they think they just aren’t a right fit for children. Others though say that a child’s welfare is better served in a family environment with two parents, regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation (â€Å"Adoption). In the article, â€Å"Birth Mother wins return of toddler after ‘adoption by lesbian couple†, it tells a story of a deaf mother giving birth to a child and then having it be adopted by a lesbian couple only to take it away three years later. All three women had the exact same disability and that is why the birthmother aloud her daughter to be adopted from them. The birth mother thought that she would be unable to care for her child but later on found out she would be able to provide for her daughter. Although this situation was unique because they did not go through an adoption agency the lesbian mothers showed very clearly that they could take care of the child. They had care d for the girl from the minute she was born until the day the birth mother took her back. The couple even lived in the birth mothers house for the last few months of her pregnancy and practical raised the birth mothers children. After all this though the court still ruled that the couple was unfit to

Gifted and Talented Program Admissions Needed...

Gifted and Talented Program Admissions: Needed Improvements and Reforms Gifted and talented programs are intrinsically valuable to many children’s education as they provide a system in which all students involved are engaged, challenged, and intellectually stimulated. In How People Learn, Donovan, Bransford, and Pellegrino (1999) stress the importance of each student being given reasonable and appropriate goals based on his or her level of understanding and competency (p. 20). Gifted and talented programs help institutionalize the attempt to meet all student’s needs by providing uniquely appropriate challenges which aim to keep every student engaged, thus receiving the best chance at success. Although there are many valuable and†¦show more content†¦These areas are: General intellectual ability Specific academic aptitude Creative or productive thinking Leadership ability Visual and performing arts Psychomotor ability (Eby and Smutny, 1990, p. 4) The United States Congress has slightly altered the definition of giftedness presented in 1972, mainly to remedy the problem that talent was being too narrowly defined, but even in recent revisions the first five characteristics listed in the Marland Report remain almost exactly the same, the only one that has been removed is the sixth: psychomotor ability. This last characteristic was removed from the list because officials felt that school athletic programs could meet students’ needs in that specific area and that gifted and talented programs should be instituted to help develop skills and capabilities which are not being satisfactorily provided by a school’s standard curriculum and programs (Eby and Smutny, 1990, p. 5). Defining these five or six areas as the guidelines for evaluating talent is not problematic. What is troublesome is that most gifted and talent program admissions are based on a high stakes type of IQ test, rather than any combination of the character istics decided by US officials to define talent (Shore, Cornell, Robinson, and Ward, 1991, p. 42). Although using one IQ based test for admittanceShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. A Resounding â€Å"Thank You† Is Directed Toward1514 Words   |  7 Pagesparents of â€Å"over-achievers whose children are often in gifted and talented in classrooms† (Rees, 2015). The other end rests the opposition, a mix of public school parents and teachers, who say the CCSS requires â€Å"too much focus on testing, stifles creativity, violates state rights, and is just too difficult for students† (Shanahan, 2015). The opposition believes CCSS makes it more difficult for gifted students to stand out for college admissions. In reality, education boils down to dollars—funding—andRead MoreHow Congress Got The Value Of The Program1903 Words   |  8 Pagesaddressed that Congress had realized the value of the program. The previous legislation was cumbersome to the companies and the employees. The need is to provide the companies and the employees with the opportunity to w ork with the United States. The labor force would boost the economy and help companies improve (Borjas, 1995). Option 5: Increasing Workers Portability. Traditionally, the United States has been the most lucrative destination for the gifted international student. The country s acceptanceRead MoreComparative Education13537 Words   |  55 Pagesorganized educational system, which is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary (college) education. Primary and secondary education is usually imparted at public schools although a strong network of private schools also exists. All educational programs in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education. Schooling in France is mandatory as of age 6, the first year of primary school while secondary education consists of collà ¨ge for the first four years after primary school and the lycà ©eRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesof California, Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Education and Labor, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Rules, Natural Resources, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To provideRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDo We Have a Shortage of Skilled Labor? 14 Why Do Organizations Lay Off Employees during Shortages? 15 How Do Organizations Balance Labor Supply? 15 Issues Contingent Workers Create for HRM 16 Continuous Improvement Programs 18 Work Process Engineering 19 How HRM Can Support Improvement Programs 19 How HRM Assists in Work Process Engineering 19 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 Learning Outcomes 28 Introduction 30 Why Is HRM Important to an Organization? 30 DID YOU KNOW?: A ManagementRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity

Robot Samantha Moral Judgment The Nonsense -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Robot Samantha Moral Judgment The Nonsense? Answer: Introduction AI and Robotics have developed extensively in the past; three different variations of an AI? Robotics concept is discussed in this paper; reactive machines AI, limited memory AI, and theory of mind AI robotics. Reactive machine robots are basic, purely reactive AI systems and cannot use past experiences or form memories to inform present decisions. An example is the IBM chess player supercomputer, the Deep Blue, that defeated the world chess grandmaster (Kasparov) (Hintze, 2016). Limited memory AI robots are those that can draw from the past and learn from present situations, Adding this knowledge to their preprogrammed representations of reality; an example is in the fast growing field of self driving cars, that basically use AI. However, they are limited because the memory they use is just transient (Hintze, 2016). Theory of mind AI/ robotics are the futuristic next generation AI robots that can form representations concerning the world, as well as concerning other agents in the world. Such robots can make judgments, and have emotion, while also being able to understand human emotion and respond accordingly; and example is the s3x robot Samantha (Brown, 2018) References Brown, M. (2018).Sex Robot Samantha's 'Moral Judgment' AI is "Nonsense": Experts Tell Us Why. [online] Inverse. Available at: https://www.inverse.com/article/40023-sex-robot-samantha-ai-moral-code [Accessed 4 Feb. 2018]. Hintze, A. (2016).Understanding the four types of AI, from reactive robots to self-aware beings. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/understanding-the-four-types-of-ai-from-reactive-robots-to-self-aware-beings-67616 [Accessed 4 Feb. 2018].

Research Paper on Professional Sports Essay Example

Research Paper on Professional Sports Essay Professional Sports Research Paper This research is devoted to the central issues of professional sports in the USA. We are going to consider matters connected with the historical development of the professional sports, the difference between amateur and professional sports, principal components and problems, views of different researchers, professional sports and women and some other aspects. In conclusion, we will try to summarize the main ideas and questions highlighted in the research. The whole time of person’s activity we could divide into work time and leisure time. Starting from the old time people had to perform some portion of hard work to get their rest time and spend it in the way they like. There were the so-called Sabbath days, which were a reason to stop every day struggle for food and shelter and have a rest. Catholic immigrants were the first to break the religion’s traditions and devote their day off to picnics and sports. During the process of industrialization more and more people were occupied with mental work, including little physical movements. It was the main reason why most people wanted to devote their free time to some physical activities with their friends and families. In the middle of the 19th century, these physical activities started to turn into organized sports. Before Americans certainly had sports competitions, but without strict organization. From Europe were borrowed horse racing and ball games, during the second hal f of the 19th-century spectator sports like professional athletics started to appear. For example, the first curling club appeared in 1845, and in 1880 German immigrants organized bowing clubs. From the year 1820 people in America started to talk about a game where a bat, a ball and a base were used. By 1845 the order was brought into the rules or the game, which was called baseball. During 1890s football used to be a popular college game, but the first Football League was established only in 1940. The first National Basketball Leagues was formed in 1937, and three corporations did it. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Professional Sports specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Professional Sports specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Professional Sports specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is essential to understand the difference between amateur and professional sports. The American nation is called unique in this correlation because the connection between secondary and tertiary education and sports is solid like nowhere else in the world. There are special athletic programs for students, there is plenty of youth sports clubs, and for those who finish their education and do not feel able to take up professional sports, there are minor league systems for baseball and hockey for example. â€Å"Especially in basketball and football, high school and particularly college sports are followed with a fervor equaling or exceeding that felt for professional sports; college football games can draw six-digit crowds and, for upper-tier schools, sports are a significant source of revenue† (Shropshire, 99). Talking about professional sports we have to mention that most of the sports leagues exist as associations of franchises. Every year there are around 30-32 teams to tak e part in the event, and at some point in time they are moved to another place or leagues can be extended through new franchises. Practically all sports leagues in the USA have the same basic plan of events. As soon as the regular season is over, the best teams (8-16) take part in the playoff tournament, followed by championship series. There is a difference between the cups of professional leagues in Europe and America. Even if we are talking about soccer, really few soccer fans would know about cup competition. â€Å"Also, major-league professional teams in the U.S. never play teams from other organizations in meaningful games, although NBA teams have played European teams in preseason exhibitions on a semi-regular basis† (Rader, 12-13). In the sphere of professional sports, it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between players and team owners. This type of relations is under some certain contract principles. There is a model contract for players and owners – Standard Player’s Contract – that most of sports leagues have. In case of necessity for some talented sportsmen, the contract can be modified. If the salary of a sportsman is high enough he can have a personal agent for representing him. To control their activity, there was created a system of registration at some administrative agency. Women had also taken an active part in sports events, and some managed even to build their career in this sphere. What is noticeable about women professional sports is the fact that individual sports developed much earlier and quicker than team sports. The oldest history of women professional sports has golf. LPGA – Ladies Professional Golf Association was created in the 1950s. In 20 years it could be already called an international standard organization. In 1959 the Professional Women’s Bowling Association was created, in 1976 – The Women’s Professional Billiard Association. The main reason, why women team sports developed later was those hard times of stabilization. But at any rate, as time passed the image of purely masculine team sports was changed and women teams sports leagues started to appear. â€Å"As we have seen, individual professional sports, such as golf and tennis, have been a success and taken root in the United States. However, as for tea m sports, most of the women’s leagues and organizations have struggled to survive, except that WNBA has started to gain public’s attention recently. WNBA’s success can be attributed to the fact that women’s sports have been gradually accepted in the U.S. society. Once the organizations and systems are formed to pave the way for further acceptance, the next step will be to take a substantial action.† (Sage, 55). Since sports events were of great interest not only to players but spectators as well, sports became an important theme of broadcasting already during the times when radio appeared. With the development of television, networks had to pay huge amounts of money for the right to broadcast some sports competitions and other events. â€Å"Contracts between leagues and broadcasters stipulate how often games must be interrupted for commercials. Because of all of the advertisements, broadcasting contracts are very lucrative and account for the biggest chunk of pro teams’ revenues. Teams do not cover their fields and uniforms with sponsors’ logos as European teams often do (Shropshire, 11). After cable and satellite television occupied their places on American TV, people got more opportunities to follow sports. Although the size of sports market in the USA is rather big, there is no national daily newspaper devoted to sports events. The main reason for this is the division for time zones and some games on the West coast last longer than early morning in the East, and thus it is not always possible to provide information about scores and games in time. But there is a plenty of sports magazines, one of the best is considered to be Sports Illustrated. As all over the world in the United States, professional sports are connected with promotion and relegation. Relegation – â€Å"(or demotion) means the mandated transfer of the least successful team(s) of a higher division into a lower division at the end of the season. Usually, an equal number of most successful team(s) from the lower division enjoy the different procedure, promotion, but the number of teams relegated and promoted may differ. For example in 1995 the English Premier League reduced its numbers by two, relegating four teams while only allowing two promotions† (Rader, 25). With the help of promotion and relegation, the professional teams are rearranged from time to time according to their level. However, some teams avoided this system, as they were not promoted and relegated as in North America there was the practice of sending the professional sports teams directly from universities. Professional sport is a kind of entertainment only for spectators, for people why are engaged in the professional sport – this is their job and sometimes even their life. Management of professional sports teams and leagues forms a separate branch of business. Thus professional leagues and teams have to consider public issues as well. â€Å"As such, hiring practices of these institutions should be of societal concern. Franchises impact the lives of not only those whom they employ but entire cities as well. From the construction and operation of stadiums to the local merchants who take care of the fans, sports teams greatly affect a city’s economy. A glance at the rosters can quickly show what the players’ demographics are, but a closer look is needed to see the racial and gender makeup of these various teams and leagues.† (Sage, 100). Traditionally professional sportsmen were male and most of Caucasian and African-American origins. Only after some professional sports organizations for women appeared, this contributed to the development of participation opportunities for women. Thus any not correct hiring practice can influence the social popularity of this or that league or organization negatively. â€Å"An early report of Northeastern University of the Study of Sport in Society in 1992 found that the top management hiring practices of the NBA earned a B-, the NFL a C, and MLB an F (Clay, 1994). In a more comprehensive 1997 report, the overall grades for the three sports leagues were NBA an A, NFL a B, and MLB a C. In terms of playing opportunities for minorities the NFL and NBA each earned A+ grades, while MLB received an A. Coaching opportunities found the NBA leading the way again with an A, the NFL received a C+, and MLB a B. No league fared exceptionally well regarding top management positions held by minori ties† (Sage, 255). On the other hand, it is not so easy to judge the way how they hire people, because the choice, in this case, can not be based purely on social status or origin of a sportsman, first of all, his professional qualities are to be taken into consideration. Overall, in this research of professional sports in the USA we tried to briefly consider such issues like: historical development of professional sports, the difference between professional and amateur sports, the way women are involved in professional sports, what are the ways of spreading information about sport event in the United States, some social problems connected with hiring personnel to professional teams and leagues.